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1.
Odontol. vital ; (32)jun. 2020.
Article in English | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1386420

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Nowadays there a significant increase of HIV cases is in Chile. It is imperative that health professionals have the necessary knowledge to provide adequate healthcare without stigmatizing people living with HIV/AIDS. Objective: Determine health professionals' HIV level of knowledge and their willingness to attend people living with this virus. Methods: This quantitative, cross-sectional study used an online selfadministered survey, that consisted on 15 questions. It evaluated the knowledge and attitudes in health professionals and technicians working in the West Metropolitan Health Centers in Santiago, Chile. Results: The response rate was 32.7% (n=235). 86.8% of participants said they felt safe doing medical procedures to people living with HIV, even though one out of ten said that they related the word fear with HIV; 52.4% were unaware of the clinical guidelines of the local Ministry of Health; and 42.7% incorrectly identified the use of double clinical gloves as a protective measure. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that it is necessary to update and reinforce the knowledge about HIV and universal protective measures in health professionals..


Resumen Introducción: En Chile existe actualmente un aumento significativo de casos de VIH. Es imperativo que los profesionales de la salud tengamos el conocimiento necesario para poder atender adecuadamente y sin estigmatización a las personas que viven con VIH. Objetivos: Determinar nivel de conocimiento y disposición a atender a personas que viven con VIH. Métodos: Estudio transversal en el que se utilizó una encuesta online a profesionales y técnicos de salud que trabajaban en Centros Metropolitanos de Salud Occidente en Santiago, Chile. Resultados: La tasa de respuesta fue 32,7% (n=235). Los resultados mostraron que un 86,8% de los participantes se sentía seguro al realizar procedimientos médicos a personas que viven con VIH, esto a pesar de que uno de cada diez relacionaba la palabra VIH con miedo; 52,4% desconocía las pautas clínicas del Ministerio de Salud local; y el 42,7% identificó incorrectamente el uso de doble guante como medida de protección. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio demuestran que es necesario actualizar y reforzar, en los profesionales y técnicos de la salud, el conocimiento sobre VIH y medidas de protección universales.


Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , HIV , Chile
3.
J. oral res. (Impresa) ; 6(10): 267-269, oct. 31, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1118456

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To characterize consultations for odontogenic abscesses at the dental and maxillofacial unit of the public emergency hospital in Santiago, Chile. METHODOLOGY: descriptive study, involving consecutive sampling of patients with diagnosis of odontogenic abscess, conducted between august and september 2016. descriptive statistics were performed to determine the frequency of diagnosis, affected tooth, sex and need for hospitalization. RESULTS: odontogenic abscesses accounted for 6.3 percent (n=414) of a total of 6,535 consultations. males represented 59 percent; 42 percent of odontogenic abscesses presented in molars and maxillary premolars. the vestibular space was the most frequently affected anatomical space (50 percent), associated in 53 percent of the cases to submucosal abscesses. ninety-eight per cent of patients were successfully treated on an outpatient basis, 2 percent required hospitalization, mainly associated to abscesses involving the deep submandibular space. CONCLUSION: odontogenic abscesses account for a low percentage of dental emergencies at the public emergency hospital in Santiago, Chile. most cases receive outpatient treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Periodontal Abscess/epidemiology , Molar/injuries , Periodontitis/epidemiology , Chile , Oral Health , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Tooth Socket/injuries , Emergencies
4.
Rev. chil. salud pública ; 21(2): 142-149, 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1377878

ABSTRACT

PROPÓSITO: Describir la percepción de relaciones familiares que tienen los adultos mayores pertenecientes a Establecimientos de Larga Estadía de Temuco, 2016. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio cualitativo, fenomenológico. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a diez adultos mayores residentes en diversos establecimientos de larga estadía, seleccionados por muestreo teórico. Se realizó análisis cualitativo temático utilizando NVivo11. RESULTADOS: Los relatos reflejan deseo de ser cuidados en sus hogares o en el de algún familiar, pero comprenden que esto es poco factible, ya que significaría una carga física, emocional y económica para el cuidador. Por tal motivo, asumen que la estadía en estos establecimientos es una buena opción. Si bien pocos entrevistados refirieron sentirse abandonados por sus familiares, todos coinciden en que existe un abandono generalizado al adulto mayor, especialmente cuando padece demencia. Los participantes sienten que, para mejorar este vínculo, solo pueden intentar evitar conflictos y mantener una buena comunicación. En todos los casos, la familia fue un factor influyente en el ingreso a la institución. CONCLUSIONES: El bienestar del adulto mayor institucionalizado refleja estar relacionado con el apoyo de familiares y una buena relación con ellos. El apoyo familiar mejora la calidad de vida y favorece la adaptación al lugar de residencia. Estos resultados son de importancia para formular intervenciones con un enfoque biopsicosocial. Se sugiere desarrollar y evaluar intervenciones que otorguen más apoyo a las familias, para que éstas realicen el cuidado del adulto mayor, sin que ello altere la dinámica familiar y calidad de vida de sus integrantes.


OBJECTIVE: To describe the perception of familial relationships of older adults living in long term-establishments in Temuco, in 2016. METHODS: Qualitative phenomenological study. We conducted 10 in depth interviews with older adults living in different long-term establishments, using a theoretical sampling process. Thematic qualitative analysis was conducted using NVivo 11. RESULTS: Participants' narratives reflect their wish to be taken care of at home or at a family member's home, though they understand that this is not very feasible, because it would represent a physical, emotional and financial burden for their caregiver. Therefore, they accept that being institutionalized is a good option. Even though only a few participants shared feeling abandoned by their families, all of them agree that there is a generalized abandonment of the elderly, especially if he or she has dementia. Participants feel that the only thing they can do to improve this relationship is to avoid conflicts and maintain good communication with their family members. In all cases, family was an important factor in the institutionalization of the older adults. CONCLUSIONS: The wellbeing of institutionalized older adults appears to be related to the support of family members and having a good relationship with them. Family support improves quality of life and favors the adaptation process to the institution. These results are important for the development of interventions that use a biopsychosocial perspective. It is suggested that intervention that provide more support to families, so they are able to care for older adults without disrupting family dynamics and quality of life, should be developed and evaluated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Social Support , Aged/psychology , Family Relations , Perception , Chile , Interviews as Topic , Qualitative Research , Homes for the Aged
5.
Cienc. Trab ; 18(55): 23-27, 2016. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-784119

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Identificar factores asociados al reporte de dolor atribuido al trabajo en la población chilena. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un análisis utilizando la Primera Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Empleo, Trabajo, Salud y Calidad de vida de trabajadores en Chile 20092010. La variable resultado fue el número de localizaciones con reporte de dolor atribuido al trabajo. Se incluyeron en el análisis factores demográficos y socioeconómicos, condiciones de trabajo, conductas de salud y factores personales. Se utilizó regresiones de Poisson cero-inflado para estimar la contribución de los distintos factores sobre el dolor reportado. RESULTADOS: Uno de cada dos trabajadores reporta dolor. Ser mujer se asocia a un mayor reporte de dolor (RP: 1,47), disminuyendo en trabajadoras de edad avanzada (RP: 1,37). Los trabajadores expuestos a demandas físicas reportan 64% más localizaciones con dolor. La demanda psicológica, el bajo apoyo socio-laboral y la baja autonomía en el trabajo se asocian a mayor reporte de dolor (RP: 1,29, RP: 1,13, RP: 1,23, respectivamente). DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES: El género y la edad son factores relevantes en el reporte del dolor asociado a trabajo. Este efecto es independiente de las distintas condiciones laborales, identificando importantes diferencias entre los distintos grupos de edad.


OBJECTIVE: Identify factors associated to pain due to work related activities, reported by chilean workers. METHODS: We conducted an analysis of the First National Survey of Work Conditions, Work, Health and workers' Quality of Life, conducted in Chile in 2009-2010. The result variable was the reported number of body parts with pain due to work. The analysis included sociodemographic variables, working conditions, health behaviors, and personal variables. We conducted zero inflated Poisson regressions to estimate the contribution of the factors on reported pain. RESULTS: One of every two workers reported pain. Women reported more pain than men (PR: 1.47), but this relationship diminished as age increased (PR: 1.37). Workers that were exposed to physicmands reported pain in 64% more body parts. Psychological demand, low social support in work, and low work autonomy were associated to more pain report (PR: 1.29, PR: 1.13, PR: 1.23 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Gender and age are relevant factors associated to pain report due to work, even when adjusted for working conditions. Significant differences between age groups were identified.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Risk Factors , Musculoskeletal Pain/epidemiology , Occupational Groups , Social Class , Socioeconomic Factors , Working Conditions , Health Behavior , Logistic Models , Chile/epidemiology , Sex Factors , Health Surveys , Age Factors
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